The purpose of this report is to detail the epidemiology and burden of residential fire injuries and deaths among Canadian children and youth, aged 0 to 19 years for the ten-year period, 2005-2015. For the first time, comprehensive fire data from across Canada is available in the National Firefighters Information Database. Using this novel dataset, this report explores the impact of residential fires on children and youth in five provinces from 2005 to 2015c. Socioeconomic and geographic vulnerabilities are described within the context of a population and public health framework.